What Customs Look For on a Commercial Invoice
Customs officers and the broker filing the import declaration work from the commercial invoice. Most holds come down to four things: a description too vague to classify ("parts", "samples"), a missing or short HS code, no country of origin, and a value that does not add up. The customs check above the preview flags each one as you type, with the fix.
Value
Duty is charged on the customs value. The UK and the EU include freight and insurance to the border; the US uses the price paid without international freight. Show freight and insurance as their own lines so the broker can do either. The landed cost calculator works out duty and import VAT on top.
Origin
Origin is where the goods were made or last substantially changed, not where they ship from. Mixed shipments need origin per line, which is why each line has its own field.
Shipping paperwork
The invoice gives the value; the packing list shows what is in each package, and the bill of lading is the contract with the carrier. Quoting before you ship? Start with the proforma invoice generator and turn it into this invoice in one click.
Incoterms 2020 at a Glance
The Incoterm says who pays the freight, the insurance and the import duty, and where the risk passes. Always add the named place: "FCA Tacoma, WA", not just "FCA". FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF are for sea freight only; for air, road or containers use FCA, CPT or CIP. Full rules are published by the International Chamber of Commerce.
| Term | Transport | Seller pays freight | Seller insures | In short |
|---|
| EXW Ex Works | Any | No | No | The buyer collects from your premises and handles export clearance, freight and import. |
| FCA Free Carrier | Any | No | No | You clear the goods for export and hand them to the buyer's carrier at the named place. |
| CPT Carriage Paid To | Any | Yes | No | You pay the freight to the named place; risk passes to the buyer when the first carrier takes the goods. |
| CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To | Any | Yes | Yes | As CPT, plus you insure the goods to the named place at the higher ICC (A) level of cover. |
| DAP Delivered at Place | Any | Yes | No | You deliver to the named place, ready for unloading. The buyer clears import and pays duty and VAT. |
| DPU Delivered at Place Unloaded | Any | Yes | No | As DAP, but you also unload the goods at the named place. The buyer clears import. |
| DDP Delivered Duty Paid | Any | Yes | No | You deliver to the named place and pay import duty and VAT in the buyer's country. |
| FAS Free Alongside Ship | Sea only | No | No | You clear the goods for export and place them alongside the buyer's vessel at the port. |
| FOB Free on Board | Sea only | No | No | You clear the goods for export and load them on the buyer's vessel at the port. |
| CFR Cost and Freight | Sea only | Yes | No | You pay the sea freight to the destination port; risk passes once the goods are on board. |
| CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight | Sea only | Yes | Yes | As CFR, plus you insure the goods to the destination port at the minimum ICC (C) level of cover. |
UK to EU: the Statement on Origin
Goods that meet the rules of origin in the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement can enter at zero tariff if the invoice carries the statement on origin. Switch the wording to UK and tick the option to add it, with your EORI as the exporter reference. Claim it only when each product meets its product-specific rule; HMRC can ask for the evidence. See GOV.UK: check your goods meet the rules of origin.