When to Send a Proforma Invoice
- Payment in advance. The buyer pays a deposit or the full amount before you ship or start production.
- Letters of credit and import licences. The buyer's bank or import authority needs the exact goods, HS codes, values and Incoterm before it will act.
- Internal approval. The buyer's purchasing team raises a purchase order against it.
- Shipments with no sale. Samples, repairs and returns often travel on a proforma because there is no sale to invoice.
Proforma, Commercial Invoice and Quote
| Quote | Proforma invoice | Commercial invoice |
|---|
| Sent | Before the order | Before shipment | At shipment |
| Asks for payment | No | Only if prepayment was agreed | Yes |
| Used by customs | No | Sometimes (no-sale shipments) | Yes |
| Tax / VAT invoice | No | No | Yes, if it meets the rules |
| Shows HS codes and Incoterm | Rarely | Yes | Yes |
When the order is confirmed, use "Make the commercial invoice" under the preview: the commercial invoice generator opens with the same lines, parties and terms. For the rest of the shipment paperwork there are the packing list and bill of lading generators; buyers can raise their side with the purchase order generator.
Incoterms 2020 on a Proforma
The Incoterm on the proforma sets the price basis: an EXW price and a DDP price for the same goods are very different numbers. Agree it before the buyer pays. See the ICC Incoterms rules for the full text; UK exporters can find more on GOV.UK.
| Term | Transport | Seller pays freight | Seller insures | In short |
|---|
| EXW Ex Works | Any | No | No | The buyer collects from your premises and handles export clearance, freight and import. |
| FCA Free Carrier | Any | No | No | You clear the goods for export and hand them to the buyer's carrier at the named place. |
| CPT Carriage Paid To | Any | Yes | No | You pay the freight to the named place; risk passes to the buyer when the first carrier takes the goods. |
| CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To | Any | Yes | Yes | As CPT, plus you insure the goods to the named place at the higher ICC (A) level of cover. |
| DAP Delivered at Place | Any | Yes | No | You deliver to the named place, ready for unloading. The buyer clears import and pays duty and VAT. |
| DPU Delivered at Place Unloaded | Any | Yes | No | As DAP, but you also unload the goods at the named place. The buyer clears import. |
| DDP Delivered Duty Paid | Any | Yes | No | You deliver to the named place and pay import duty and VAT in the buyer's country. |
| FAS Free Alongside Ship | Sea only | No | No | You clear the goods for export and place them alongside the buyer's vessel at the port. |
| FOB Free on Board | Sea only | No | No | You clear the goods for export and load them on the buyer's vessel at the port. |
| CFR Cost and Freight | Sea only | Yes | No | You pay the sea freight to the destination port; risk passes once the goods are on board. |
| CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight | Sea only | Yes | Yes | As CFR, plus you insure the goods to the destination port at the minimum ICC (C) level of cover. |